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Leishmania donovani

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(1) What is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis?

A) Plasmodium vivax

B) Leishmania donovani

C) Trypanosoma cruzi

D) Borrelia burgdorferi

(2) Which type of cell is the primary host for Leishmania donovani?

A) Red blood cells

B) Macrophages

C) Neurons

D) Lymphocytes

(3) Which of the following is not a symptom of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani?

A) Anemia

B) Splenomegaly

C) Diarrhea

D) Enlarged lymph nodes

(4) Which of the following is not a treatment option for visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani?

A) Sodium stibogluconate

B) Amphotericin B

C) Penicillin

D) Miltefosine

(5) How is Leishmania donovani transmitted to humans?

A) Direct contact with infected animals

B) Ingestion of contaminated water

C) Bite of infected sandflies

D) All of the above

(6) Which of the following is not a reservoir host for Leishmania donovani?

A) Dogs

B) Rodents

C) Elephants

D) Humans

(7) What is the primary vector for Leishmania donovani?

A) Mosquitoes

B) Ticks

C) Sandflies

D) None of the above

(8) What is the main immune response against Leishmania donovani infection?

A) T-cell response

B) B-cell response

C) Both A and B

D) None of the above

(9) What is the main mode of replication for Leishmania donovani within host cells?

A) Binary fission

B) Budding

C) Schizogony

D) None of the above

(10) What is the main mechanism of drug resistance in Leishmania donovani?

A) Efflux pumps

B) Drug-modifying enzymes

C) Alterations in target enzymes

D) All of the above

Answers:

    1. B
    2. B
    3. C
    4. C
    5. D
    6. C
    7. C
    8. C
    9. C
    10. D

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    The UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) Prelims exam is the first step in the selection process for the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS), and Indian Police Service (IPS) among other civil services in India. The exam consists of two papers: General Studies Paper 1 and General Studies Paper 2 (also known as the Civil Services Aptitude Test or CSAT). The General Studies Paper 1 is worth 200 marks and is comprised of multiple choice questions (MCQs). The exam tests the candidate's knowledge of current events, Indian and World history, Indian and World geography, Indian polity and governance, economic and social development, general science and environmental ecology and biodiversity.

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